Water Domain Structure and Effects of Water Content on Electric Properties of Rocks Studied in a Wide Frequency Range

Water is one of the most common substances, widespread on the Earth in different states of matter. It has an essential influence on many climatic and atmospheric phenomena. In the Earth's crust, water influences mechanical  and electrical behaviour of various structures. The electric properties of moist porous rocks are very important in many branches of geophysics. The moist porous rock material is very interesting from physical point of view, as it is a solid dielectric with a liquid dipole dielectric in the pores, cracks and other structural defects. There are good prospects of practical use of the results of measurements  of electric properties of such rocks in non-destructive testing and in the study of water inside various products and materials.

MONOGRAPHIC VOLUME

CONTENTS

1. Introduction, ...3
2. Structure of water and ice, ...5
3. Physical model of a liquid dipole dielectric with domain structure, ...6
4. Description of the experiment, ...11
5. Electric properties of water at room temperature, ...16
    5.1. Introduction, ...16
    5.2. Samples, ...17
    5.3. Experimental results, ...17
    5.4. Interpretation, ...19
    5.5. Discussion, ...22
    5.6. Conclusions, ...23
6. Electric properties of water from 20 to 90^oC, ...24
    6.1. Introduction, ...24
    6.2. Samples, ...24
    6.3. Experimental results, ...26
    6.4. Discussion, ...31
    6.5. Conclusions, ...33
7. Electric properties and structure of ice, ...34
    7.1. Introduction, ...34
    7.2. Samples, ...35
    7.3. Results, ...35
    7.4. Interpretation, ...40
    7.5. Discussion, ...46
    7.6. Conclusions, ...49
8. Electric properties of water-saturated porous structure of a solid body, ...50
    8.1. Introduction, ...50
    8.2. Samples, ...51
    8.3. Results, ...53
9. Electric properties of water-saturated porous rock medium, ...64
    9.1. Samples, ...64
    9.2. Experimental results, ...64
    9.3. Discussion, ...68
    9.4. Conclusions, ...73
10. General summary and suggestions for future studies, ...74
Acknowledgements, ...76
Bibliography, ...77
Struktura domenowa wody i wpływ zawartości wody na elektryczne własności skał badanych w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości (streszczenie), ...83